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2004:
UTJECAJ SUSTAVA PROIZVODNJE I MIKORIZE NA PRINOS PORILUKA

INTENZITET PLODONOŠENJA SORATA KRASTAVACA ZA PRERADU U ZAVISNOSTI OD NAČINA UZGOJA

RESEARCH ON THE CONTROL OF MAJOR TOMATO CROP PATHOGENS AND PESTS

RESEARCH ON LOSSES OF POTATO INTENDED FOR PROCESSING DURING STORAGE

UTJECAJ RAZLIČITO PROIZVEDENIH PRESADNICA NA PRINOS BATATA [Ipomoea batatas L. (Lam.)]

ZLATNA KRUMPIROVA CISTOLIKA NEMATODA (Globodera rostochiensis Woll.) U HRVATSKOJ

POTROŠNJA VODE I MAKROELEMENATA U HIDROPONSKOM UZGOJU RAJČICE

UTJECAJ DUŠIKA I METODE GNOJIDBE NA PRINOS PAPRIKE (Capsicum annuum L. var. grossum)

RESEARCH ON SOME SEEDLING PRODUCTION PARAMETERS OF BRASSICA AND FLOWER CULTURES BRED IN FLOATING-TRAY SYSTEM

VEGETABLE SEED HYDRATION TREATMENT - POSSIBILITIES AND RISKS

DOZIRANJE VODE KORISTEĆI KOEFICIJENT NAVODNJAVANJA

ODABIR SORATA KUPUSA ZA KISELJENJE ZA ŽUPANIJSKU ROBNU MARKU "LAKTEC"

EFFECT OF ROW COVERS AND BLACK PLASTIC MULCH ON THE YIELD OF DETERMINATE TOMATOES

MASS LOSSES OF POTATO INTENDED FOR PROCESSING DUE TO PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES

RESEARCH ON THE INFLUENCE OF EXPLANT TYPE AND VARIETY ON IN VITRO MULTIPLICATION IN LETTUCE

UTJECAJ VOLUMENA LONČIĆA, MIKORIZE I STAROSTI PRESADNICA NA RAST I RAZVOJ PRESADNICA LUBENICA

DINAMIKA PLODONOŠENJA RAJČICE U HIDROPONSKOM UZGOJU

UTJECAJ VOLUMENA SUPSTRATA NA KOMPONENTE PRINOSA RAJČICE U HIDROPONSKOM UZGOJU

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT NITROGEN RATES ON THE YIELD AND QUALITY OF CELERY (Apium graveolens var. L. dulce) IN TURKEY

CRVENICE ISTRE KAO SUPSTRAT ZA POVRĆARSKU PROIZVODNJU

UTJECAJ GIBERELINSKE KISELINE (GA3) NA KOMPONENTE PRINOSA ARTIČOKE

EFFECTS OF NITROGEN RATES ON THE YIELD AND QUALITY OF ENDIVE (Cichorium endivia L.) IN TURKEY

INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN FERTILIZATION ON THE BACTERIA AND VEGETABLE SEED SYMBIOSIS

SEED BACTERIZATION IN RELATION TO THE RATES AND THE DIFFERENT METHODS OF FERTILIZER APPLICATION TO VEGETABLE SEED CROPS

FERTILIZATION OF BEAN SEED CULTURES WITH MACRO- AND MICRO- ELEMENTS APPLIED ON THE SOIL AND FOLIARLY

INFLUENCE OF WHITE FLEECE ON THE YIELD FORMATION OF EARLY POTATOES

INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF MALT AND PLANT EXTRACTS ON DIFFERENT PLANT PATHOGENS

ADAPTABILNOST NEKIH NJEMAČKIH I MAĐARSKIH SORATA KRUMPIRA NA RAZLIČITIM LOKACIJAMA U HRVATSKOJ

YELLOW STICKY TRAPS AS A TOOL FOR CONTROLING CABBAGE WHITEFLY (ALEYRODES PROLETELLA L.) ON BRUSSELS SPROUTS

PREZENTIRANI I OBJAVLJENI RADOVI iZ POVRĆARSTVA
pošalji upit
Zbornik sažetaka 39. znanstvenog skupa hrvatskih agronoma 2004. godine - OPATIJA
RESEARCH ON THE WATER REGIME OF TOMATOES CULTIVATED IN SOLARIUMS

Mihai JURIAN, Marcel DÎRJA, Viorel BUDIU, Beata JURIAN, Alexandru Silviu APAHIDEAN, Maria APAHIDEAN, Ioan PAVEN

University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Mănăştur Street, Cluj-Napoca, România.(contact e-mail: mjurian@yahoo.com)

Introduction

The rational application of the irrigation is extremely important for the obtaining of high crops, of superior quality, economically justified. Applying too high water quantities through irrigations has, besides the negative effects on plants and soil, dezastrous effects on the economic efficiency of the agricultural exploitation. In an age when in some areas of the Earth, millions of people die every year due to the lock of water or to its low quality, when wars are declared over water, when the water from the civilized areas gets more and more expensive, the irrigations applied wrongly become an unallowed water waste. Of course, applying too small water quantities through irrigation has also negative effects on cultivated plants and, automatically, on crops, thus affecting the economic efficiency of the agricultural exploitation.

Material and methods

Our experiment was made in the solarium from the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj - Napoca, in 2003. The experiment was bifactorial, i.e., the influence of two factors being followed, with the following gradients. By having combined these, there resulted six experimental variants, as it follows (table 1):

Table 1. Experimental variants
(Cluj-Napoca, 2003)

Watering methodTime of wateringVariants' name
Trickle irrigation90 % from A.H.I.
70 % from A.H.I.
50 % from A.H.I.
P 90
P 70
P 50
Irrigation through drains90 % from A.H.I.
70 % from A.H.I.
50 % from A.H.I.
B 90
B 70
B 50

The water consumption of a crop, based on the evaporation at ground level and on the perspiration of the plants is called evapoperspiration (EP).

For determining the EP were used the direct method based on the water balance in the soil:

Ri + Pv + Sm + Af = Rf + REP, where:

Ri - the initial stock of water in the soil (in the beginning of the vegetation period)
Pv - precipitation during the vegetation period (in our case, having crop placed in protected areas, where the water coming from precipitation doesn't reach, Pv = 0)
Sm - irrigation norm (the sum of the wetting norms)
Af - the contribution of the freatic waters to the existing water (in our case, the freatic water are found at a depth higher then 5 m, so Af = 0)
Rf - the final water stock in the soil (at the end of the vegetation period)
REP - real evapoperspiration

Results and discussion

Thus, by utilizing the formula presented in the " material and method" subchapter, we have computed the total water consumption for each variant. The results obtained are shown in Table 2.

Table 2. Water consumption for the experimental variants

VariantsWater consumption
(m3/ha)
P90
P70
P50
B90
B70
B50
7848.5
7052.3
5522.4
10939.4
9854.5
8002.7

The production results obtained with each of the six experimental variants can be followed in Table 3.

Table 3. Average fruit yield per variants and replicas (t/ha)

VariantsReplicasVariants' averages
 IIIIII 
P90
P70
P50
B90
B70
B50
63.8
59.9
61.4
50.9
44.7
47.4
60.5
66.9
61.4
49.5
46.8
45.7
67.5
60.7
59.3
50.9
49.7
44.6
63.9
62.5
60.7
50.4
47.1
45.9

Knowing the water consumption of the crops and the obtained yields, by comparing these, we obtained the water capitalization coefficients (Wcc, which shows the water quantity (m3) consumed by the plants to produce 1 kilogram of fruits.

Wcc= water consumption (m3/ha) / average yield (kg/ha)

Table 4 contains our results regarding the water capitalization coefficients.

Table 4. Water capitalization coefficients

Variants'
number
Variants'
name
Water consumption
(m3/ha)
Average yield
(kg/ha)
Water capitalization
coefficients
1P907848.5 63900 0.1228
2P707052.3625000.1128
3P505522.4607000.0910
4B9010939.4504000.2171
5B709854.5471000.2092
6B508002.7459000.1744

Conclusion

The irrigation of the tomatoes in solariums by furrow leads to the wasting of too big water quantities due to the need of applying high irrigation norms. This irrigation method is totally unrecomandable for this culture, given the fact that the obtained yields are inferior to those obtained in the case of the variants irrigated by dripping.

The irrigation by dripping can lead to the obtaining of superior yields than those obtained in the case of furrow irrigation, while using same low quantities of water. This can be explained by maintaining at the level of the plants' roots a constant humidity, due to the reduction of water losses through infiltration and evaporation.

The water capitalization coefficients show that the experimental variants irrigated by dripping use the water better than those irrigated by furrows. The water capitalization coefficients were bigger in the case of furrow irrigation, showing that the use of this irrigation method applied to the tomatoes in solariums is a total waste of water, without even having the benefice of obtaining higher crops then in the case of dripping irrigation.

Thus, we solidly recommend you to avoid using furrow irrigation for the tomatoes in solariums and to replace it with dripping irrigation, which is more favorable both to the plants and to the producer.


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